BERITA BIOLOGI

SINOPSIS Begonia LIAR DI SUMATERA BARAT [Synopsis of Wild Begonia in West Sumatra]

Deden Girmansyah — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:21 +0700

The diversity of wild Begonia in West Sumatra is not well understood, while the habitat of Begonia has continuedly decreased by human activity or natural disaster. Therefore, some species are seriously undert hreat. Examinations of Begonia spp. were carried out using herbarium specimens from Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA), Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and some field works in West Sumatra were conducted. A total of 33 species of Begonia were collected and identified as species level and could be used for identied Begonia species from West Sumatra.

KERAGAMAN JENIS DAN PREFERENSI EKOLOGI BEGONIA LIAR DI KAWASAN REMNANT FOREST KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS [The Diversity and Ecological Preference of Wild Begonia in Remnant Forest of Cibodas Botanic Gardens]

Muhammad Efendi, Nur Azizah, Ateng Supriyatna, Destri Destri — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:21 +0700

Wild species of begonia existed in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Gardens, but their diversity, distribution and ecological preference were not much known. Data of condition and habitat characteristic of wild begonia are important in their cultivation. The aims of this study are to inventory the diversity of wild begonias and their distribution habitat preference in remnant forest of Cibodas Botanic Gardens. Sample were collected from four remnant forest using exploration method. Analysis of vegetation where wild Begonia existed was conducted using 1x1 m plot in around every individu of Begonia found. The principle component analysis (PCA) was carried out using R program version 2.11.0. The result showed that 50% of the mountain Begonia in West Java can be found in remnat forest area. The light intencity, soil humidity and air humidity were highly correlated to distribution of wild Begonia. The microclimate conditions in remnant forest area are appropriate with habitat of Begonia.

CATATAN BEBERAPA JAMUR MAKRO DARI PULAU ENGGANO: DIVERSITAS DAN POTENSINYA [Notes on Some Macro Fungi From Enggano Island: Diversity and its Potency]

Atik Retnowati, Dewi Susan — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:22 +0700

A Thirty one species of macro fungi which belong to phylum Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were found from three villages in Enggano Island. Among those, nine species are new records for Sumatera, namely Phellinus gilvus, Fomitella supina, Flaviporus liebmannii, Coriolopsis polyzona, Flabellophora sp., Trichaptum byssogenum, Stecherrinum sp., Stereum cf. pergameneum dan Trametes cf. villosa, whilst other two species, namely Cookeina cremeirosea and Fomitella supina are new for Indonesia. One species, Phellinus gilvus, has been known as a harmful parasite on rubber plantation. Six are recognized as edible mushrooms, namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Volvariella volvacea, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia auricula-judae, Lentinus sajor-caju, and Panus neostrigosus. Two species, Favolus grammocephalus and Panus neostrigosus are therapeutic agents, and two others, Earliella scabrosa and Pycnoporus sanguineus are potential species as color degradation agents.

ANALISA GENETIK PISANG HIBRID DIPLOID BERDASARKAN MARKA RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) [Genetic Analysis of Diploid Banana Hybrids Based on RAPD Markers]

Diyah Martanti, Yuyu Suryasari Poerba, Herlina Herlina — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:22 +0700

Banana breeding by crosses is one way to get new cultivars with a better quality. This study aims to verify molecular characteristic of diploid hibrid bananas i.e MDRK, SNMT and MDMT using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Ten RAPD primers have been selected to detect the differences in molecular pattern from all three diploid hybrid bananas. The results showed that the hybrid combination of MDRK, SNMT and MDMT produced bands that shared some similarities with each parents by 43.83%, 51.25% and 47.21% respectively as the number of bands from type I, III and IV markers. Type III marker is the important marker for identification of male parents. Type VII marker (non-parent bands) was detected from hybrid MDRK, SNMT and MDMT by 18 (20.22%), 6 (7.5%) and 11 (12.64%) respectively. Marker of type VII can be used to identified hybrid because they are present only in offspring. The highest polymorphic bands was obtained by SNMT (83.9%) and the lowest obtained was performed by MDMT (71.25%). From this result, RAPD markers can be used as a tool to detect the differences of molecular pattern of diploid hybrid bananas.

KERAGAMAN BAKTERI PENGHASIL ENZIM PENGHIDROLISIS NITRIL DI PULAU ENGGANO BENGKULU [Diversity of Nitrilase Producing Bacteria in Enggano Island, Bengkulu]

Rini Riffiani, Nunik Sulistinah — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:22 +0700

Potential nitrile degrading microbes have been isolated from marine sponge, marine water and soil in Enggano Island. Nitrilase enzyme has a function in degrading nitrile compund. Nitrilases are important industrial enzymes because of their ability to produce biologically active to degrade enantiomers, such as S-(+)-1-(4’-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid (S-(+)-ibuprofen) and R-(-) mandelic acid. Mandelic acids, which are important as pharmaceutical intermediates, can be produced in enantiomerically pure form by the hydrolysis of their corresponding nitrile. The aim of the study was to explore the diversity of nitrile degrading bacteria in Enggano Island, and their ability to utilize nitrile as a substrate growth. Screening of such microbes were carried out by using microtitter plate method based on growth ability tested by INT (Iodonitrotetrazoliumchloride). Degradation product was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Seventy nine bacteria were able to grow on acetamide, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, adiponitrile, mandelonitrile, succinonitrile, lactonitrile, dan benzilcyanide as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Two isolates, YIM 56238 and PO69, have shown to enantioselectively hydrolyze racemic mandelonitrile to mandelic acid. Based on 16S rRNA gene identification, these bacteria have the highest sequence similarity to Microccous endophyticus strain YIM 56238 and Rhodococcus pyridinivorans strain PO69.

KOMPOSISI DAN DOMINASI PATOTIPE Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, PENYEBAB PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI PADA TANAMAN PADI DENGAN SISTEM PENGAIRAN BERBEDA DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG [The Composition and Domination of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Pathotype, The Cause of Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice Plants in Different irrigation System at Karawang District]

Dini Yuliani, Sudir Natasuwirya — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:22 +0700

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is the major disease of rice caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), that has various pathotypes making it difficult to control. This research was aimed to determine Xoo pathotype group in irrigated paddy fields with different of planting time based on differences of irrigation system in Jatiluhur Reservoir. The research was conducted in Karawang District the wet season (WS) of 2013/2014 and dry season (DS) of 2014 through survey and sampling of infected rice leaves of BLB. Isolation of Xoo bacte-ria was done in the laboratory by using dilution methods. Xoo pathotype test was carried out by inoculating Xoo isolate on five different varieties in Indonesian Center for Rice Research’s green house, West Java. Observation of disease severity was done by measuring symp-toms of the disease that appeared at two and four weeks after inoculation. The disease severity of ?11% was classified as resistant (R), and for the disease severity of >11% was classified as susceptible (S). The results obtained a total of 602 Xoo isolates from rice plant samplings of irrigated rice fields in Karawang with irrigation systems I, II, III, and IV. At WS 2013/2014 was obtained 448 Xoo isolates consists of 29.69% of pathotype III; 40.85% of pathotype IV, and 29.46% of pathotype VIII. While, at DS 2014 was obtained 154 Xoo isolates consists of 1.95% of pathotype III, 53.25% of pathotype IV, and 44.80% of pathotype VIII. The areas with Type I of irrigation systems were domi-nated by Xoo pathotype IV in two cropping seasons. The areas with Type II of irrigation system dominated by Xoo pathotype IV in the wet season, while the dry season was dominated by Xoo pathotype VIII. The areas with Type III of irrigation system were dominated by Xoo pathotype III in the wet season, whereas during dry season was dominated by Xoo pathotype IV. The areas with Type IV of irrigation sys-tem were dominated by Xoo pathotype IV during wet season. Over all, in the dry season, Xoo pathotype IV was the dominant pathotype especially in irrigation systems Type I and IV. The dominance of Xoo pathotype can determine the resistant varieties that grown in the areas with different planting times on different irrigation systems.

STRATIFIKASI SIMPANAN KARBON DIATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA LAHAN GAMBUT PASANG SURUT DAN LEBAK [The Stratification of Above Ground C-Stock in Tidal Peatland and Fresh Water Swampland]

Siti Nur Zakiah, Nur Wakhid, Dedi Nursyamsi — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:23 +0700

The carbon stored in peatlands is huge not only from soil but also from vegetation. Carbon stocks can decrease when there are human activities such as land use changes. Measuring and monitoring carbon stocks are necessary as the basis for assessment of the impact of land management technology applications to conservation and carbon emissions associated with sustainable management system of peatland. The purpose of this study was to determine the stratification of above ground C-stock in tidal peatland and fresh water swampland. Above ground C-stock stratification based on the types of vegetation. The stratification was conducted to distinguish vegetation conditions based on the volume of biomass and carbon content in an observation plot. The measurement of above ground C-stock was carried out by destructive and non destructive refers to Hairiah K and Rahayu (2007), after that the estimation of carbon stockswas conducted on tidal peatland (land use rubber + pineapple, rubber folk and shrubs) and peat in fresh water swampland (land use rubber 4-5 years and 2-3 years). The results showed that the types of vegetation, plant density and management affect of carbon stocks. Carbon stocks in tree vegetation are higher than shrubs. The high of plant density affects the sunlight used for photosynthesis, through photosynthesis, CO2 is absorbed and converted by plants into organic carbon in the form of biomass. Arrangement and maintenance of the plant affects the storage of carbon in a land use.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI PERUBAHAN FUNGSI LAHAN, SOSIAL DAN INISIATIF KONSERVASI MASYARAKAT PULAU ENGGANO [The Ethnobotanical Study of Land Use Change, Social Change and The Conservation Initiative of People in Enggano Island]

Mohammad Fathi Royyani, Vera Budi Lestari, Oscar Efendy — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:23 +0700

This research aims to see the land use change within ethnobotanical perspective. According to observation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) it was known that land in Enggano Island have been changed, even the sacred forest transformed, into kebun/garden and ladang/field. The changes of land use was related with demography, economic, and socio-cultural changes in society. Social change affected the species that were planted by the community. The species with a high economic value and a quick harvest and did not need extra treatment planted by local people to replace the previous plants. The other impact that arises is the exixtence of local initiative to restore areas that should functioned as a forest.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF STRIPED SNAKEHEAD (Channa striata Bloch, 1973) IN BOGOR AND BEKASI, WEST JAVA [Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Gabus (Channa striata Bloch, 1973) di Bogor dan Bekasi, Jawa Barat]

Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:23 +0700

Striped snakehead is one of the potential local species, however, its production in Indonesia still comes from capture fisheries. Over exploitation had decrease the population in nature. Domestication is one of promising tool to solve the problems faced. In order to breed the domesticated species, the information of their reproduction was needed. This study aimed to describe relationship between length and weight, length and fecundity, weight – fecundity and gonad weight – fecundity of the striped snakehead from West Java. A total of 19 mature female specimens were collected from Parung (Bogor), and seven mature female specimens were collected from Babelan (Bekasi). The results showed that the determinant value (R2), the first for Parung and the second for Babelan, between weight and fecundity were 0.599 and 0.843, length-fecundity were 0.541 and 0.841; gonad weight – fecundity 1.00 and 0.846 Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) ranged from 0.67 to 9.94% and 2.03 to 8.17%. Gonad Index ranged from 6.17 – 76.73 and 18.48 – 76.77, respectively. The data indicated that growth pattern was allometric. Length and body weight has linear relationship with gonads and fecundity. Fecundity has higher correlation to the weight rather than length. Gonad weight and fecundity has a strong relationship.

PENGUJIAN FERTILITAS PATIN PASUPATI SECARA INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL MENGGUNAKAN PATIN SIAM Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) DAN PATIN JAMBAL Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846 [Fertility Evaluation of Pasupati Pangasiid Catfish Internaly and Externaly Using Striped Pangasiid Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Jambal Pangasiid Catfish Pangasius djambal Bleeker, 1846]

Evi Tahapari, Bambang Iswanto — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:24 +0700

Pasupati is a pangasiid catfish resulted from hybridization between female striped pangasiid (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and male jambal (Pangasius djamba). Pasupati is known as a superior white-fleshy pangasiid catfish promoted for an export commodity. However, its reproductive characteristic in relation to its fertility has not been examined yet. The present study was conducted to investigate the successful of fertilization between female and male pasupati, reciprocal cross between pasupati with striped catfish, and reciprocal cross between pasupati with jambal catfish.Two to three females and males pasupati were used in the present study. All of breeders were hormonally induced for artificial. The result showed that there is no embryogenesis occurred when sperm from pasupati, striped and jambal catfish were used to fertilize eggs of pasupati catfish. On the other side, sperm enabled to fertilize eggs of striped cat fish producing low percentage of larvae with maternaly similar morphological appearances at juvenile stage. This phenomena showed that spontaneous gynogenesis occurred. In conclusion, female and male of pasupati cat fish are sterile.

STRUKTUR STOMATA DAUN BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp.) [Structure of Leaves Stomata on Some Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes spp .) ]

Lince Meriko — Wed, 17 Jan 2018 09:26:24 +0700

The exploitation of pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) for economics interest and forest degradation make a higher extinction risk for Nepenthes globally. This research was aimed to examine anatomical structure of stomata of Nepenthes gracilis, N. reinwardtiana, N. ampullaria. The result showed that the type of stomata of N. gracilis and N. reinwardtiana has the actinocitic type while, N. ampullaria has anomocitic stomata type.